The term Dwifungsi ABRI refers to the dual function of the Indonesian Armed Forces (ABRI) during the New Order era under President Suharto’s regime. It was a concept that was introduced in 1966 and lasted until 1998. During this period, the military had both a military and a political role in Indonesian society. This article will explore the history and impact of the Dwifungsi ABRI policy.
The Origins of Dwifungsi ABRI
The concept of Dwifungsi ABRI was put forward by General Suharto, who seized power in 1966 following a failed coup attempt by the Indonesian Communist Party. Suharto believed that the military had a duty to protect the country not only from external threats but also from internal threats such as communism and other subversive elements.
Under the Dwifungsi ABRI policy, the military was given the task of maintaining internal security and stability, as well as promoting socio-economic development. The military was also given a role in the political process, with military officers holding positions in government and parliament.
The Impact of Dwifungsi ABRI on Indonesian Society
The Dwifungsi ABRI policy had a significant impact on Indonesian society. On the one hand, it helped to maintain stability and security in the country during a period of political and social upheaval. It also played a role in promoting economic development and modernization.
However, the policy also had some negative consequences. The military’s involvement in politics led to corruption and human rights abuses, as military officers used their positions of power to enrich themselves and suppress dissent. The military’s dual role also limited the development of a strong civil society and prevented the emergence of a truly democratic political system.
The End of Dwifungsi ABRI
The Dwifungsi ABRI policy came to an end in 1998 following the fall of President Suharto’s regime. The military’s involvement in politics had become increasingly unpopular, and there were growing calls for democratic reform and civilian control over the military.
Following Suharto’s resignation, the Indonesian government passed a number of reforms aimed at reducing the military’s political power. Military officers were removed from their positions in government, and the military’s role in internal security was reduced. The reforms also aimed to strengthen democracy and promote human rights.
The Legacy of Dwifungsi ABRI
The legacy of the Dwifungsi ABRI policy is still felt in Indonesia today. While the military’s political power has been significantly reduced, the military still plays a role in Indonesian society. The military is involved in disaster relief efforts, and military officers continue to hold positions of power in some areas of government.
There are also concerns about the military’s involvement in business and the economy, with some military officers accused of engaging in corrupt practices. There are also concerns about the military’s human rights record, particularly in Papua and other conflict-prone areas.
Conclusion
The Dwifungsi ABRI policy had a significant impact on Indonesian society during the New Order era. While it helped to maintain stability and promote development, it also had negative consequences, including corruption and human rights abuses. The end of the policy in 1998 was an important step towards greater democracy and civilian control over the military, but the legacy of Dwifungsi ABRI continues to be felt in Indonesian society today.
Artikel Dwifungsi ABRI: The Role of the Indonesian Military in Politics
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